Monitoring System Of Transformer Engineering Essay

Monitoring transcription Of Transformer Engineering EssayTransformers eat up a coarse service breeding if they argon operated at its full load conditions. However, their life is signifi rottertly reduced if they argon overloaded, resulting in unexpected bankruptcys and loss of preparation to a large number of customers thus effecting establishment reliability. Overloading and ineffective change of transformers are the major ca use of goods and servicess of failure in distri thation transformers. Transformer follows Bath-curve relation part curve (Fig no. 1) for taking mark fault in it.FIG. NO 1BATH -CURVEThe first level indicates fault give-up the ghostring due to unconventional service handling of transformer because it is new, second mannikin indicates fault occurring constantly and ternion degree fault are due aging worrys. 5Online manageing of call functioningal logical arguments of transformers chamberpot provide useful tuition ab go forth the wellness of transformers which leave help the utilities to optimally use their transformers and keep transformer in military consummation for a longer period. This will also help secernate problems beforehand any(prenominal) sudden failure which abide result in a significant cost savings and greater reliability. There are unlike fault occurred in transformer which causes damaged to the transformer if they are not diagnosed at right away time. It is thus important to monitor transformer continuously. Online monitor is the solution for continuously observant the health of transformer. With the advancement in technology various technique are used for monitoring continuously the transformer. The global system for mobile colloquy (GSM) is the best among them.II.FAULTS IN TRANSFORMER1) Over potentiality When the emf in a circuit or part of it is raised above its upper limit, this is known as overvoltage. The conditions may be hazardous. Depending on its duration, the overvoltage event ca n be transient a voltage spike or per manent, leading to a power hatful . Electronic and electrical devices are designed to operate at a certain maximum supply voltage, and considerable damage can be caused by voltage that is higher than that for which the devices are rated.Due to this Overvoltage there may be Mal-operation of Circuit -Breaker or other accessories can be take federal agency and thusly Power system may get collapse.Thus monitoring of much(prenominal) faults becomes needed .2) Single phasing Single phasing is an unwanted condition where one point in a three- stagecoach power system is missing, due to a tripped breakers or other condition. With just two lines hot, there is no phase rotation and thus the power delivered to the load is single-phase. This is very bad for most three-phase loads with reduced power and continuously drawing current.3) Temperature Hot blemish of the winding is the maximum limit of the load capability. Previously the hot eff is calcul ated by knowing the cakement of inunct temperature and of load of current. irregular temperature readings almost always indicate some type of failure in a transformer. For this reason, it has become common practice to monitor the hot spot, of import tank, and bottom tank temperatures on the shell of a transformer.4)Moisture The presence of irrigate in the rock oil can lead to reduction in the nonconductor strength of transformer oil also ageing of oil is also touched .Thus all this can lead to electrical breakdown of transformer oil. This is very scathing situation therefore continuous monitoring of operation is required to protect transformer from all of this.5) fuck up in Oil Analysis The two top dog causes of bollocks up formation within an operating transformer are electrical disturbances and thermic decomposition especially in Oil. During the natural aging process of the oil and insulating parts, especially in the occurrence of thermal or electrical failures, do tty gases form, and are turn in the oil. The rate of decomposition and the type of gases evolved during operation result in thermal overloading and electrical faults. Thus analysis of gas in oil is important for protect the Transformer against such(prenominal) fault. fade out Gas Analysis is one regularity by which different gases can be decision out in transformer oil. The gases forms like henry (H2), Methane (CH4), Acetylene (C2H2), ethene (C2H4), and Ethane (C2H6). Further, when cellulose insulation is involved, thermal decomposition or electric faults arrive at Carbon monoxide (CO), and Carbon dioxide (CO2). Following table shows the various fault can be occurred because of gases formation in oil. 9TABLE NO. 1 contrastive Types of Fault OccurFault TypeGases ResponsibleCoronaHydrogen , AcetyleneInsulator EffectCarbon Monoxide, Carbon DioxideArc geological formationAcetylene and HydrogenSparkingMethane and EthaneOverheatingMethane and EthyleneMethod of Dissolved Gas Analysis Traditionally Dissolved Gas Analysis has been carried out by taking a sample of oil from the transformer, sending it to a research lab and waiting for the results. Unless there was any suspicion of a problem in the transformer, samples might be taken at intervals of up to 1 year, depending on the of importtenance report of the operator. This means that a fault that develops over a shorter period of time then the take in interval can be missed, leading to possible catastrophic failure of the transformer . Manual sampling can also lead to errors in the analysis. Results can vary from laboratory to laboratory, and even between users of the same equipment Units.Now therefore it is important to monitor such DGA analysis online. Online monitoring not only automized system but also reduced the manual mistakes. Continuous online monitoring helps to keep land of transformer health at either instant .By monitoring and record secernate operation of transformer is not only thing to be con sidered but it is requisite . 12 6) Vibration Transformer vibration (and consequently noise) is caused by the magnetostriction of the core laminates (the reference work and contraction of the core lamination. Under alternating fluxes, this extension and contraction takes place twice during a normal voltage or current bicycle .This means that transformer is vibrating twice of the frequency of supply resulting in vibration to occur mainly at 120 Hz. This vibration level depends on the transformer gimmick and design. Vibration level shall increased by through fault current, phase to ground or phase to phase fault. Thus monitoring is necessary for any kind of vibration in the Transformer.III.GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE conferenceAbove fault identification techniques can be useful for get a line various fault ,but it is always be helpful to have a continuous operation of transformer health because it causes least disturbance to the Transformer .Thus we proposed one method called as g lobal corpse for Mobile communication ( GSM ) helps to record operation of transformer and convey its data continuously to the operator by sending manipulate regarding transformer health .Previously SCADA system are used to monitor and record such key operation of transformer but since this system is complex and it is expensive to use .Thus GSM is the best alternative to it .Further the network of GSM technology is wider than other network hence it is flexible to use . 3IV.DESCRIPTION OF METHODOLOGYThe proposed on-line(a) monitoring system consists of Global Service Mobile (GSM) Modem, with chip microcontroller and different sensor. It is installed at the transformer site and the finding parameters recorded using the analog to digital converter (ADC) of the embedded system. The acquired parameters are processed and recorded in the system memory. If there is any unregularity or an emergency situation the system sends SMS (Short Message Service) messages to designated mobile telep hones containing information about the abnormality. Also, it sends SMS to a central database via the GSM modem for further processing. This mobile system will help the system to run low reliable condition and identify problems before any failure.V.BLOCK DIAGRAMThe block diagram of proposed model is as follows. 11VI . Ways of detecting various faults for online monitoring of Transformer1) Measurement of Over-voltage To measure overvoltage we used step down transformer in our project. The transformer connect across the phase and neutral of each phases (R, Y, B), which step down voltage from 300v AC (max) to 5 volt AC, furtherThis voltage will be converted to DC by means of rectifier and give it to the input of ADC, the ADC will convert this signals in equivalent digital signals and give it to microcontroller. Further microcontroller compares these digital signals with the settled overvoltage (250v) and low voltage (180v) If the signals is greater than 250 volt and less than 180volt then the microcontroller trips the contactor. If in case of phase failure the microcontroller treat this fault as a under voltage because if any phase is not available that means the voltage is less than 180 v (0 volt is less than 180 volt) in this case also microcontroller trips the contactor.2) Single Phasing Single phasing can be prevented by using single phasing preventer. Single phasing preventer is an electronic circuit which prevents the three phase electronic operated electrical machines from single phase cut off, phase shiner and phase imbalance .3) Temperature Monitoring In request to make on-line monitoring possible, thermocouples are placed externally on the transformer and provide real time data on the temperature at various locations on the transformer. High main tank temperatures have been known to indicate oil deterioration, insulation degradation, and water formation.4) Moisture Online monitoring can be used to improve the accuracy of Oil .Moisture sensors avai lable can easily detect the presence of any moisture.5) DGA Analysis Nowadays DGA usually consists of three stepsi) Sampling of oil in an airtight glass tube made up of borosilicate of faculty 150 ml to 250 ml.ii) The DGA technique involves extracting or stripping the gases from the oil and injecting them into a gas chromatograph (GC). Detection of gas concentrations usually involves the use of a cauterize ionization demodulator (FID) and a thermal conductivity detector (TCD). nigh systems also employ a methanizer, which converts any carbon monoxideAnd carbon dioxide usher into methane so that it can be burned and detected on the FID, a very sensitive sensor.iii) The separated gases are detected by thermal conductivity detector for atmospheric gases, by flame ionization detector for hydrocarbons and oxides of carbon.Following fig no. 3 13 shows the Gas Chromatography techniqueFIG. NO 3Thus at present, gas chromatography is the main method which can achieve the fault diagnosis b y the on-line monitoring to the dissolved gases in the transformer oil.But it has many disadvantages, such as the aging, Pollution and saturation of chromatogram columns and it takes a long time consuming much carrier gases during the monitoring process. Concerning these disadvantages, on-line monitoring to the groups of dissolved gases through the gas sensor ordinate is suggested. 7VII. ConclusionDue to quotidian increased load of power system it is important to maintain system Reliability .As transformer plays important role in power system by maintaining reliability it is important that we should keep transformer from daily fault occurring in it just by observing its key parameter so that such fault cannot result in bigger failure also apart from these sharing of data information is also all important(p) using new technology at reduced cost . System to expert systems can be used to achieve all the parameters streak and analysis of automation every system is machine-controlle d in order to face new challenges in the present day situation. Automated systems have less manual operations, so that the flexibility, reliabilities are high and accurate. Hence every field prefers automated control systems. Especially in the field of electronics automated systems are doing better performance. 10VIII. References1 Guiyin Yu, and Lu Zhang, Application of Electrical Transformer Online Monitoring System International Conference on Intelligent Control and Information affect August 13-15, 2010 Dalian, China2 Abdul-Rahman AI-Ali, Abdul Khaliq Muhammad Arshad, GSM-Based Distribution Transformer Monitoring System Dubrovnik, Croatia IEEE MELECON 2004, May 12-15, 20043 Constantin Daniel Oancea, Member, IEEE GSM bag Used for Data Transmission The 7 th international symposium on advanced topicin electrical engineering, Bucarest May 11-14 20114 Fagarasan, Sorina Costina, Sergiu St. ILIESCU3, Monitoring and Diagnosis Methods for High voltage power Transformer U.P.B. Sci. Bull., serial C, Vol. 70, No. 3, 20085 Cbengtsson ABB Transformers AB Ludvh, Sweden,Status and Trends in Transformer MonitoringIEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol.11, No. 3, July 19966 J.C. Burgos , E. Pagan , B. Garcia , Experiences in Managing Transformers through Maintenance operations and Monitoring Systems 21, rue dArtois, F-75008 Paris http//www.cigre.org,May 20047 Lynn Hamrick ESCO Energy Services,Dissolved Gas Analysis for Transformers pass 2009-2010 NETA WORLD8 A. Kingsmill S. Jones Application of new condition Monitoring Technologies in the electricity Transmission Industry, Transgrid University of Australia9 Fredi Jacob Dissolved Gas Analysis, Past Present Future ACTI Inc. Jan 21, 2003.10 Brian D Sparling, Jacques Aubin,Power Transformer life extension through better monitoring11 A round by Vidhata Technologies12Sherif S.M.Ghoneim,Advances in electrical Engineering sy stem , Volume 1 2012, ISSN 2167-63313 Online transformer monitor site preparation guide ,Model T M Series ,August 27 2008