Chemotherapy and Nail Toxicity

Chemotherapy and Nail ToxicityHyper pigmented hears Chemotherapy causing chromonychiaRunning head Chemotherapy and nail perniciousnessDr Kamal Kant sahu (M.D medicine,)Dr Gaurav Prakash (M.D medicine, DM medical oncology)Dr Pankaj Malhotra (MD medicine)Prof. Subhash Chandar Varma (MD medicine)Word count 787Figure count 4Table-1References count-3Key words Chromonychia leuconychia hyperpigmeted nailsAbstractNail toxicity ar among the clement and neglected side effects linked to many chemotherapeutic drugs. Taxanes and anthracyclines argon the antineoplastic drug groups most commonly implicated. Nail changes can take on several or each 20 nails and appear in worldly relationship with drug intake. Most of the quantify, toxicity is just a depicted object of concern due to cosmetic reasons, however very occasionally it whitethorn be associated with pain. True incidence of nail changes related to particular drugs are still lacking due to under-reporting and ignorance of potential side-effects among the endurings, necessitating the education prior to mental home of drugs and appropriate management like, avoiding potential irritants and use of topical, or oral antimicrobials, and peradventure cessation or dose reduction of the offending agent or use of cryotherapy in near cases may certainly be beneficial. substructureChemotherapeutic drugs are associated with variety of nail changes. These nail changes are normally temporarily and use to resolve once chemo toxic drugs are stopped. prevalent drugs ingraining are hydroxyurea, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethas mavin, methotrexate and cytarabine. We here report our experience with devil patients who developed nail changes during the course of chemotherapy for hematological malignanciesCase Report 1A 19-year-old young boy was admitted to the our hospitals hematology prison cellblock with the symptoms of fever and lymphadenopathy in cervical and axillary region .Workup including bone internality examination, PET CT scan, excisional biopsy of lymph node were through and diagnosis of T cell rich B lymphoblastic lymphoma STAGE IIIB was made .He received 1st rhythm method of RCHOP while hospitalized and later on discharged .He received rest of seven RCHOP courses on outdoorsy basis. Through examination during his outdoor follow up visits revealed transverse hyper pigmented bands on the nails (chromonychia). The bands were multiple, transverse, some 1-mm broad, spanning the entire nail breadth, dark grayish colored, nonblanchable, nonpalpable with smooth superimposed nail surface on the nail plates of all fingers and toes with well appreciation of step in faintly grey colored bands of nails(Figure 1,2). Unluckily, he relapsed post eight cycles of RCHOP chemotherapy and henceforth started on 2nd line chemotherapy sieve (Rituximab, ifosfamide, cisplatin, etoposide), 1st course of which was precondition to him uneventfully recently till the time of writing this report.Case Report 2A 55-year- old young-bearing(prenominal) presented to hematology clinic with complaints of pain abdomen for 6 months with history of significant firing of weight and appetite. Per abdomen examination revealed presence of abdominal lump with dimensions of 18 cm x 15 cm with no hepatosplenomegaly.Tru-cut biopsy of lump was done .Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry confirmed high grade, B cell type non-Hodgkins lymphoma. She was further investigated and found to hit stage IVB disease .Due to financial issues she was given CVP regimen (cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,vincristine),however she relapsed following 3 courses by the time of writing this report. During her outdoor visits, she was found to have diffuse, black pigmentation with longitudinal striae in the nails of digits of both pass on (figure 3, 4) and feet.DiscussionAmongst the innumerable side effects that chemotherapeutic drugs have, mucocutaneous one are the most worrisome for the pa tients probably due to cosmetic reasons. assorted patterns of nail discoloration like chromonychia, leukonychia (including Mees and Muehrckes lines), Beaus lines, paronychia and onycholysis have been well documented(1). Drugs commonly implicated are vincristine, hydroxyurea, etoposide, daunorubicin, bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine, 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate (1, 2).The most frequent variety of chromonychia is melanonychia which is outgo defined as a dark pigmentation of nails observed as diffuse, transverse, or longitudinal band patterns(2).Some more common and fundamental nail toxities have been summarized in table 1 with their description of morphology and pathophysiology of origin.Effect of cyclophosphamide on nails ranges from diffuse, black pigmentation to dark longitudinal striae , and diffuse, dark gray pigmentation located proximally, with overlying transverse, black bands(2). Doxorubicin produces commonly transverse, dark brown bands alternating with white chevron and dark brown diffuse pigmentation bands 45 mm wide, which affect two-thirds of the distal portion of the nail(3). Hydroxyurea produces pigmentation that has a diffuse, dark brown color which may appear as single or double transverse bands. Our patient received all of the above mentioned drugs during his due course of illnessTable1. Definitions of some common nail toxities and probable pathophysiology of origin (1, 2)ConclusionNail changes although seems to be common following chemotherapy, however goes unnoticed and underlooked in the lights of more important burning issues of chemotherapy both by physician and patient and hence honest incidence of nail related changes is much more than reported oddly in dark colored individuals like our patient and hence requires smashing observation during follow up of these patients.References1.Hinds G, Thomas VD. Malignancy and cancer treatment-related tomentum and nail changes. Dermatologic clinics. 200826(1)59-68, viii..2.Dasan u CA, Vaillant JG, Alexandrescu DT. Distinct patterns of chromonychia, Beaus lines, and melanoderma seen with vincristine, adriamycin, dexamethasone therapy for multiple myeloma. Dermatology online journal. 200612(6)10.3.Gilbar P, Hain A, Peereboom VM. Nail toxicity induced by cancer chemotherapy. Journal of oncology pharmacy practice authorised publication of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners. 200915(3)143-55.LEGEND OF FIGURESFigure1.Multiple hyper pigmented, transverse bands, approximately 1-mm broad, spanning the entire nail breadth, dark grey colored, nonblanchable, nonpalpable with smooth overlying nail surface on the nail plates of all fingers and toes with well appreciation of intervening faintly grey colored bands of nails.Figure2.Close up image of bilateral nails with cloudless depiction of hyper pigmented bands.Figure3. Multiple hyper pigmented, longitudinal striae noted in bilateral nails of fingers.Figure4. Hyper pigmented longitudinal bands predominant in distal aspect of nails

Impact Of The Super Bowl On A City Tourism Essay

Impact Of The top-notch pipe gyre On A City Tourism EssayExecutive summaryIts no head that American footb alone told and the tops(predicate) curlicue slip for that matter is a multi- one thousand jillion dollar air. Most estimates put its contribution to troops cuties economies consistently all over $300 million. A best piece of Americans follow events that shape the mutation and contribute to its well being in one elbow room or the early(a). Besides the expediencys that the players and industry regulators reap in that respect be numerous new(prenominal) ports that ordinary people benefit. Entertainment is one such(prenominal) lane but the biggest of them all is the stinting daze that the event brings to the force urban centerThis write up seeks to examine the scotch rivals that come along with the phalanxing of the event. The coordinate and corroboratory contacts that ar accrued from activities that surround the re-create of the musical accompan iment affiliate into millions of dollars. on that point is significant investment from the regime that is required for the success of the championship. The authorities then(prenominal) benefit fro revenue collection and improvement of al-Qaida. The event too accords the swarm metropolis business opportunities that local individuals and companies exploit to gain the local economy.attested evidence and critical reviews on the sparing meeting of exceedingly curl exist. This depictd the basis of this seek as the starting point and the fleshing up of the conclusions arrived. The paper dwells mainly on the gameground, statistical evidence as well as the sectors benefit as shoot result of the scaffolding of exceedingly gutter.The contents of this paper aides the conclusion at the end of it. This is the general thought process that can be deduced from the whole findings that ar contained in the paper.IntroductionSports be today an integral part in the development of n ations. Its an income earner for whatsoever(prenominal) people both sharpenly and indirectly. In Europe soccer is the major(ip) sport developed through the some(prenominal)(a) soccer confederacys in Europe. rugby football is common too in Europe as is cricket in Asia (Layden, two hundred5). In the join States basket ball, base ball and American football form the top cream of sports business entertainment and business. They ar extensive specie minting machines that responsible for the genesis of millions in taxes to the authorities hence contend a big part in economic development.The Super roll is perhaps the biggest and nearly unique annual sporting events that take impersonate in the United States. This is the final feisty of the topic football league championship which can comfortably claim to be the most watched tv broadcast in the US. It holds such significance in the American finis that some consider it an unofficial holiday. The Super sphere Sunday, the day that the risque is set upd is the second biggest food consumption day in the United States only next to give thanks giving day. That translates to a big upgrade in food businesses and others as well.Besides the gamey which is the star haul of the event, there has been the cooption of variant performances from artists. The artists perform during the pre-game and half times. Its importance is well exhibit when the campaign of the then senator Barrack Obama bought airtime in various networks 30 legal proceeding in the first place the Super bankroll to advertise his policies. Television channels accommodate used the Super Bowl time to introduce series of the programs that the inadequacy to attract huge pursuancesIts not lost to all casual observer that the Super Bowl has importance that stretches beyond the bailiwick and beyond the female horse circumstance that its a popular game. To m some(prenominal) the arraying presents a windfall of opportunities. The impacts o f the game span past sports to culture and the economy. That has always been the subject of debate from the games administrators to commentators and unconditional observers.According to Depken and Wilson (2003), the viewership of the Super Bowl is estimated to be windup to blow million people manwide and a potential of one billion. That can slowly rival the FIFA soccer World Cup and the Olympic. While it has not acquired the term of the above two, the economic impact that the event is wishly to bless a host metropolis with is unprecedented.That is besides other advantages like the chance to regenerate its infrastructure and improve its security. Economists have always dismissed that the economic impact that the Super Bowl brings to the host city may a symbol of what its commonly t unwraped to be. But that is subject to debate (Feinstein, 2007). Extensive studies ar carried out every year to determine the economic impacts that championship game brings to the host city. Ho wever there appears to be consensus among attendees, local business leaders, and corporate planners that its ripe to host the event, whichever way one looks at it.PurposeWith highly bowl comes a host of opportunities for the companies that win time to advertise and those that manufacture whateverthing associated with the staging of the event. Of feature importance however is the benefit that the host city reaps from the staging of the event. The economic impact on the city can be enormous and cargonful planning may run across the netting of a good sum of money of revenue besides the advancement that the city gets. The current NFL form _or_ system of government is to stage the Super Bowl in a city that has an NFL franchise. Cities commonly bid fro the hosting and they atomic number 18 determined five years before the game is played. Currently the cities have been determined up to the year 2013. at that place has been a string of criticism that the figures and projections t hat are presented by NFL to the host cites are not based on echtity. The purpose of this paper therefore is to shed some light into the whole issue of the economic impact of the host city of Super Bowl. This investigate will seek to determine the economic impact that the Host city receives. All dimensions are examined, the merits and demerits as far as its economy is concerned.BackgroundFootball has been played in the US for a long time just like other sports like baseball. lord football in the United States began in the year 1920. Super Bowl the premier event of the game-Super Bowl championship however is relatively teenage having been played for the first time in 1967 (Schwartz, 1998). Since then the event has acquired efflorescence to one of the most valued sports traditions in the history of sports.Super Bowl is the football game that is played annually to determine the champion of the subject Football League. Winners from the American Football Conference championship gam e and the theme Football Conference face each other in the run up to the National Football League playoffs.The merger agreement among the American football league and the national football league maxim the creation of the Super Bowl. The NFL has a long history dating back to the 1920s while the AFL started gaining dominance in the 1960s. There was as a result intense rivalry between the two leagues in regards to fans, players and figure of the game. To avoid financial ruin, the two rivals decided to engage in dia put down in 1966 which resulted in the subsequent merger. Since then it has become a national pastime activity whose popularity is rivaled by few events in America.The Pittsburgh Steelers is the team that has won the most Super bowls- six while the Dallas cowboys and the San Francisco have both won five eachData collectionThe findings and conclusions that were made in this research paper were very dependent on data. There was no field research conducted, however second ary data form books, scholarly research articles and the internet was used in this research. All sources were included in the in text citation and the bibliography at the end of the paper.General figuresThe figures associated with Super Bowl indicate intelligibly why the event is an important one in American culture and business, most importantly the host city. Its the most watched picture program every year in the country. 40% of all households in the US tune to television during the game as are 60% of all homes (St. John, 2009). Close to 90 million Americans tune into the Super Bowl game while another close to 120 million partly doing so.Hallmark Cards Inc rates Super Bowl as the number one home party event every year, perhaps too larger than New Years Eve.Wenner (2005) reveals that its the biggest eating day in the U.S apart from thanks giving day. 15,000 tonnes of chips and four thousand tones of popcorn are consumed in homes during the Super Bowl. Avocado which is essentia l for the preparation of guacamole is another type of food that is wide consumed on super Sunday. According to the California avocado commission, twelve million avocados are sold in preparation for the game.Figures available on the impact of the Super Bowl indicate that cities experience economic impacts amounting to millions of dollars. In 1994 capital of Georgia Georgia made 166 million dollars from the Super Bowl, Miami made 365 million in1995 phoenix reaped 306 million in 1996 while New Orleans raked in 200 million in 1997. Others include 295 million for San Diego in 1998,336 million for Huston Texas in 204 and 372 million for Detroit Michigan in 2006.Economic impactFor the host city to be determined it has to be appealing to tourist, sponsors and spectators. That is besides being a franchise city of the NFL (Depken Wilson, 2003).The NFL, local governments and various associations of hotels and restaurants ordinarily predict the economic impact that the hosting will have on the city (Depken Wilson, 2003). This mainly takes into handbill the expenditure that the city is likely to incur while determining the real benefits that it will get. For instance the police and fire departments are paid for the overtime hours that they work to tick safety and security is maintained. The consumption is done agree to the projected impact and the extent to which the prevailing economy can allow. Tampa quest had to scale back spending on the Super Bowl overdue to the state of the current state of the economy.The potential imperative impact on the local economy is the major incentive for the city that is hosting the Super Bowl. Economists mostly estimate that super bowl always has had an impact of between $300- $four hundred million on the host citys economy (Coates Humphreys, 2002) There are direct and indirect impacts that come with the event, which can also be long-term and short as well (Christopher Peters, 2006). In simple layman term, the sum totali ty hold in of the economic impact of the Super Bowl on the host city (Polzer, 2003). The direct impacts come form the spending by the various partici heave while indirect impacts are the multiplier effect the is felt way after(prenominal)wards the event is done. The money that was spent locally is re-spent again principal to additional rounds of spending (Wenner, 2005). Indirect impacts also include organize in local residents incomes due to the activities associated with the game as well as the dollars that are withdrawn form the local economy. pull ahead the direct impacts comprise of the large scale purchase of goods by companies mainly from local producers and manufacturers (Depken Wilson, 2003)The economic impacts of any(prenominal) sporting event are usually measured in terms of the increase in revenue collection for the authorities and individual business that help sustain it. Direct and indirect expenditure is also factored in. Super Bowl is a unique event that canno t be really compared to any type of sport. However the economic impact that it breeds is comparable to those other world events mentioned earlier.The above statistics paint a rosy picture of the Super Bowl event and day. They are not exaggerated in any way meaning they can translate to real economic benefits on the ground. The host city will have to reevaluate its entire system to be able to deal with the contends of the traveling fans that flock to town for the Super Bowl. The economic impact of the city is to a greater extent or less positive because of the increased consumption of goods and services that are as a direct result of the temporary population explosion.Overall the change in economic activity associated with the event is the most appropriate indicator of the benefits. Its arrived at by multiplying the direct impacts by the multiplier and adding the result to the direct impacts. To be more precise the economic activities that result into the benefits in the local econo mies have been highlighted in the following section.TourismTourism is one of the major income earners especially for any authorities that enjoy any degree of autonomy. Tourism is boosted by various events that attract record numbers of people. Sports events like Super Bowl are some of them.There is always an influx of visitors mainly traveling fans to the super bowl host city. A joint commissioned study by the NFL and the Sport Management Research Institute in 1999 concluded that the comely expenditure of attendees who flocked to the south Florida Super Bowl were double the expenditure of tourists during the blossoming season of that place (Leiker, 2005).These comprise of the majority of tourists that visit the city during that particular proposition time. The locals who take breaks from their work to watch the event to some extent comprise of the domestic tourists of the city.According to Price Water House Coopers, Indianapolis that is command to host the event in 2011 will rece ive over 98,000 visitors and or so $131 million in direct spending from the visitors and the locals. An estimated 95600 people visited Atlanta during the Super Bowl period. Huston was estimated to have received close to 90,000 visitors during its Super Bowl (Layden, 2005).The direct impact as a result of the sporting event is widespread spending by the local residents as well as tourist. In Tampa Bay for instance hospitality and tourism industry activities as a result of the Super Bowl XLIII were estimated to generate approximately $cl million in direct spending. In past championships, the same activities generated $195 million in phoenix and Miami. Detroit generated $118 million, $ 124 million for Jacksonville in 2005 and $ 135 million for Huston in 2004 all from direct spending form tourist and hospitality activities as result of the staging of the Super Bowl (Depken Wilson, 2003). They spend on hotels, rental cars, taxis and visits to local friendships. The expenditure that is pumped into the city/s coffers from accommodation, food and other tourist activities is the boon that is capitalized on most.According to Schwartz (1998), most hotels report 100% booking rate in the period on the run up to the games a few days after. Bed occupancy and demand for the provision of other services are critical in the revenue generation of hotels that are involved during the Super Bowl.ShoppingIts an unofficial fact among all sports fans, Super Bowl fans are the biggest spendthrifts there are today. Commodity prices rise due to the market forces of demand. Some traders too cash in on the event with modest price increments that translate to the increase in revenue. galore(postnominal) retail chains in the host cities find it economically workable when the Super Bowl is held in their city. They are among the direct beneficiaries of the free spending habits of the traveling fans and tourists. The impact it has on their sales cannot be missed.The week before the Super B owl always sees a surge in obtain that pumps quite a good amount of money into the economy. Americans spend close to one million man hours doing shopping mainly for food items that are consumed during the game. That has always been the trend and indications show that it getting bigger whether there is a recession or not. The event is big food eating event and shoppers are estimated to spend at least $55 million on food alone.InfrastructureChina invested heavily in the build up to the Olympics South Africa is involved in massive up gradation n of infrastructure ahead of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The same trend can be seen in Brazil and London who are in line to stage the Olympics as well. The same scenario is common in the build up to NFL games. Its a critical component that is a must for the any successful staging. considerable investments from local authorities, NFL and individuals in preparation to the staging of the Super Bowl submit the stimulus money that is destinyed to boos t the local economies. The successful attraction of the event to the host city calls for the capability for the host city to provide the venue, hotels, and transport and entertainment facilities. Public health and safety facilities re also renovated to meet the demand that comes with the people attending the event (Feinstein, 2007).An increased need to renovate infrastructure fro such an event forces the authorities to repair them this ensure a positive long-term effect for the local economy log after the Super Bowl is gone. Roads, pavements and public utilities like parks are upgraded to be able to accommodate the high numbers of travelers entering the city. The trough where the event is staged is the single biggest infrastructure activity that the host city carries. It has to meet the minimum requirements that the NFL sets. The authorities inject substantial amounts of money normally in hundreds of millions into the economies in the efforts to renovate the NFL stadiums. Since 199 5 through 2003 604 billion dollars has been spent on renovating twenty one NFL stadiums (Leiker, 2005).The renovation is a source of numerous jobs that boost the citys employment rate. PublicityThere is always a media blitz that accompanies such a sporting event with a national following. The kind of publicity that the host city gets is enough to boost its image among attendee and non attendees. potential investors and tourists get a chance for an in-depth review of the cities potential. The city is therefore rescue millions in terms of advertising itself as premier business or tourist destination.JobsWith such an event the demand for labor rises. This leads to the creation of jobs that are needed in the overall preparation pf the event. They range from skilled experts to part-time social workers who tend to visitors new to the city. These experts normally sourced locally comprise of bend workers, planners and organizers.The Super Bowl is thought to create an estimated minimum o f 500 jobs any time that its staged. In other cases there have been statistics that suges5t that in fact the event creates far more jobs than its reported. According to Christopher and Peters (2006) the event created over 2700 jobs in Atlanta Georgia besides the $166 million that it pumped into the economy. That is quite the most direct impact that the host city feels. Though most of these jobs are short-term and part-time, there is good compensation that comes along with it that makes them economically viable. local anesthetic authorities hire residents for the jobs thus helping in the retention and circulation of the money in the local economy.Confidence buildingThe successful staging of such a sports event like Super Bowl build potency in the management of the city. Together with the publicity that the city gets pairs up to ensure long-term success of the economic ventures of the city.CriticismHowever no everyone agrees with the thought that Super Bowl is an economic resuscitati ng machine in the host city. There is some positives but not as they are put precedent by industry players. They have presented their case with researches that advance reasons why they depend that is the case.Some scholars have accused the NFL of inflating the figures that are presented to cities that are bidding to host the event. They assert that the economic impact is not as big as its meant to look on paper. The figures according to them are presented to be ale to convince averse(p) cities into accepting the NFL proposals. There is a general agreement among the critical scholars that the estimates normally never go beyond gross measures.There is also a feeling among these scholars that the multiplier effect they economists use to estimate the economic impact of sports events may not be accurate after all and it pants the incorrect picture as far as the benefits are concerned. Further more the use of expenditure multipliers is not clear in cases like where for instance hotels are owned by a nationwide chain. It does not clearly articulate the fraction of the revenue that remains and circulates in the particular locality where expenditure occurs.The average impact is likely to be a quarter of or less the estimates that are presented by the NFL. According to Leiker (2005), several factors lead to the wrongful estimation of the economic impact of the Super Bowl. research worker bias and data measurement error rank high as some of the leading factors that are used influence the inaccurate monstrance of economic impact figures. Capacity constraint and changing product relationships are the other factors that Porter came up with. He arrived at the conclusion after reviewing the available short-term data on sales receipts for a number of Super Bowls.Polzer (2003) postulates that, after examining twenty five Super Bowls from 1973-1977 concluded that Super Bowl was only responsible for the creation of 535 jobs. The economic impact of the game according to them was not in the hundreds of millions but round 30 million dollars. That represented roughly a tenth of the figure that NFL touted.On the same note, Coates and Humphrey (2002) examined the post season play in all American sports. They concluded that hosting the Super Bowl had little or no statistical impact on the per capita income of the city residents where the championship was staged.ConclusionThe following facts are clear from the findings above.That millions of dollars are received as revenue by authorities and individuals of the host city of the Super Bowl eventThat, there are jobs created due to the staging of the event in the city that that is the host. These clearly are indicators of positive outcomes of the event on the economy of the city.There is a long-term positive economic effect that the host city enjoys after the event is over. This is from the publicity that comes along with the staging of the championship game. The improvement of infrastructure certainly bodes well for the host city since it will not need to undergo major renovations should the event or an equivalent come up again.Whether or not the figures that are presented in the by civilian and sports authorities are real, remains to the subject of discussion. Even if they do not amount into the proportions that are presented there must be some net benefit that is realized from the successful staging of a Super Bowl championship game. The event still has a lot of potential that has yet to be tapped. The numerous studies that have been conducted provide the pointers as to where the weaknesses are and what needs to be done.Though its not guaranteed that the event can be staged in any particular city, the earnings from the sport can be improved. That is what the approaching host cities need to focus on.

Monitoring System Of Transformer Engineering Essay

Monitoring transcription Of Transformer Engineering EssayTransformers eat up a coarse service breeding if they argon operated at its full load conditions. However, their life is signifi rottertly reduced if they argon overloaded, resulting in unexpected bankruptcys and loss of preparation to a large number of customers thus effecting establishment reliability. Overloading and ineffective change of transformers are the major ca use of goods and servicess of failure in distri thation transformers. Transformer follows Bath-curve relation part curve (Fig no. 1) for taking mark fault in it.FIG. NO 1BATH -CURVEThe first level indicates fault give-up the ghostring due to unconventional service handling of transformer because it is new, second mannikin indicates fault occurring constantly and ternion degree fault are due aging worrys. 5Online manageing of call functioningal logical arguments of transformers chamberpot provide useful tuition ab go forth the wellness of transformers which leave help the utilities to optimally use their transformers and keep transformer in military consummation for a longer period. This will also help secernate problems beforehand any(prenominal) sudden failure which abide result in a significant cost savings and greater reliability. There are unlike fault occurred in transformer which causes damaged to the transformer if they are not diagnosed at right away time. It is thus important to monitor transformer continuously. Online monitor is the solution for continuously observant the health of transformer. With the advancement in technology various technique are used for monitoring continuously the transformer. The global system for mobile colloquy (GSM) is the best among them.II.FAULTS IN TRANSFORMER1) Over potentiality When the emf in a circuit or part of it is raised above its upper limit, this is known as overvoltage. The conditions may be hazardous. Depending on its duration, the overvoltage event ca n be transient a voltage spike or per manent, leading to a power hatful . Electronic and electrical devices are designed to operate at a certain maximum supply voltage, and considerable damage can be caused by voltage that is higher than that for which the devices are rated.Due to this Overvoltage there may be Mal-operation of Circuit -Breaker or other accessories can be take federal agency and thusly Power system may get collapse.Thus monitoring of much(prenominal) faults becomes needed .2) Single phasing Single phasing is an unwanted condition where one point in a three- stagecoach power system is missing, due to a tripped breakers or other condition. With just two lines hot, there is no phase rotation and thus the power delivered to the load is single-phase. This is very bad for most three-phase loads with reduced power and continuously drawing current.3) Temperature Hot blemish of the winding is the maximum limit of the load capability. Previously the hot eff is calcul ated by knowing the cakement of inunct temperature and of load of current. irregular temperature readings almost always indicate some type of failure in a transformer. For this reason, it has become common practice to monitor the hot spot, of import tank, and bottom tank temperatures on the shell of a transformer.4)Moisture The presence of irrigate in the rock oil can lead to reduction in the nonconductor strength of transformer oil also ageing of oil is also touched .Thus all this can lead to electrical breakdown of transformer oil. This is very scathing situation therefore continuous monitoring of operation is required to protect transformer from all of this.5) fuck up in Oil Analysis The two top dog causes of bollocks up formation within an operating transformer are electrical disturbances and thermic decomposition especially in Oil. During the natural aging process of the oil and insulating parts, especially in the occurrence of thermal or electrical failures, do tty gases form, and are turn in the oil. The rate of decomposition and the type of gases evolved during operation result in thermal overloading and electrical faults. Thus analysis of gas in oil is important for protect the Transformer against such(prenominal) fault. fade out Gas Analysis is one regularity by which different gases can be decision out in transformer oil. The gases forms like henry (H2), Methane (CH4), Acetylene (C2H2), ethene (C2H4), and Ethane (C2H6). Further, when cellulose insulation is involved, thermal decomposition or electric faults arrive at Carbon monoxide (CO), and Carbon dioxide (CO2). Following table shows the various fault can be occurred because of gases formation in oil. 9TABLE NO. 1 contrastive Types of Fault OccurFault TypeGases ResponsibleCoronaHydrogen , AcetyleneInsulator EffectCarbon Monoxide, Carbon DioxideArc geological formationAcetylene and HydrogenSparkingMethane and EthaneOverheatingMethane and EthyleneMethod of Dissolved Gas Analysis Traditionally Dissolved Gas Analysis has been carried out by taking a sample of oil from the transformer, sending it to a research lab and waiting for the results. Unless there was any suspicion of a problem in the transformer, samples might be taken at intervals of up to 1 year, depending on the of importtenance report of the operator. This means that a fault that develops over a shorter period of time then the take in interval can be missed, leading to possible catastrophic failure of the transformer . Manual sampling can also lead to errors in the analysis. Results can vary from laboratory to laboratory, and even between users of the same equipment Units.Now therefore it is important to monitor such DGA analysis online. Online monitoring not only automized system but also reduced the manual mistakes. Continuous online monitoring helps to keep land of transformer health at either instant .By monitoring and record secernate operation of transformer is not only thing to be con sidered but it is requisite . 12 6) Vibration Transformer vibration (and consequently noise) is caused by the magnetostriction of the core laminates (the reference work and contraction of the core lamination. Under alternating fluxes, this extension and contraction takes place twice during a normal voltage or current bicycle .This means that transformer is vibrating twice of the frequency of supply resulting in vibration to occur mainly at 120 Hz. This vibration level depends on the transformer gimmick and design. Vibration level shall increased by through fault current, phase to ground or phase to phase fault. Thus monitoring is necessary for any kind of vibration in the Transformer.III.GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE conferenceAbove fault identification techniques can be useful for get a line various fault ,but it is always be helpful to have a continuous operation of transformer health because it causes least disturbance to the Transformer .Thus we proposed one method called as g lobal corpse for Mobile communication ( GSM ) helps to record operation of transformer and convey its data continuously to the operator by sending manipulate regarding transformer health .Previously SCADA system are used to monitor and record such key operation of transformer but since this system is complex and it is expensive to use .Thus GSM is the best alternative to it .Further the network of GSM technology is wider than other network hence it is flexible to use . 3IV.DESCRIPTION OF METHODOLOGYThe proposed on-line(a) monitoring system consists of Global Service Mobile (GSM) Modem, with chip microcontroller and different sensor. It is installed at the transformer site and the finding parameters recorded using the analog to digital converter (ADC) of the embedded system. The acquired parameters are processed and recorded in the system memory. If there is any unregularity or an emergency situation the system sends SMS (Short Message Service) messages to designated mobile telep hones containing information about the abnormality. Also, it sends SMS to a central database via the GSM modem for further processing. This mobile system will help the system to run low reliable condition and identify problems before any failure.V.BLOCK DIAGRAMThe block diagram of proposed model is as follows. 11VI . Ways of detecting various faults for online monitoring of Transformer1) Measurement of Over-voltage To measure overvoltage we used step down transformer in our project. The transformer connect across the phase and neutral of each phases (R, Y, B), which step down voltage from 300v AC (max) to 5 volt AC, furtherThis voltage will be converted to DC by means of rectifier and give it to the input of ADC, the ADC will convert this signals in equivalent digital signals and give it to microcontroller. Further microcontroller compares these digital signals with the settled overvoltage (250v) and low voltage (180v) If the signals is greater than 250 volt and less than 180volt then the microcontroller trips the contactor. If in case of phase failure the microcontroller treat this fault as a under voltage because if any phase is not available that means the voltage is less than 180 v (0 volt is less than 180 volt) in this case also microcontroller trips the contactor.2) Single Phasing Single phasing can be prevented by using single phasing preventer. Single phasing preventer is an electronic circuit which prevents the three phase electronic operated electrical machines from single phase cut off, phase shiner and phase imbalance .3) Temperature Monitoring In request to make on-line monitoring possible, thermocouples are placed externally on the transformer and provide real time data on the temperature at various locations on the transformer. High main tank temperatures have been known to indicate oil deterioration, insulation degradation, and water formation.4) Moisture Online monitoring can be used to improve the accuracy of Oil .Moisture sensors avai lable can easily detect the presence of any moisture.5) DGA Analysis Nowadays DGA usually consists of three stepsi) Sampling of oil in an airtight glass tube made up of borosilicate of faculty 150 ml to 250 ml.ii) The DGA technique involves extracting or stripping the gases from the oil and injecting them into a gas chromatograph (GC). Detection of gas concentrations usually involves the use of a cauterize ionization demodulator (FID) and a thermal conductivity detector (TCD). nigh systems also employ a methanizer, which converts any carbon monoxideAnd carbon dioxide usher into methane so that it can be burned and detected on the FID, a very sensitive sensor.iii) The separated gases are detected by thermal conductivity detector for atmospheric gases, by flame ionization detector for hydrocarbons and oxides of carbon.Following fig no. 3 13 shows the Gas Chromatography techniqueFIG. NO 3Thus at present, gas chromatography is the main method which can achieve the fault diagnosis b y the on-line monitoring to the dissolved gases in the transformer oil.But it has many disadvantages, such as the aging, Pollution and saturation of chromatogram columns and it takes a long time consuming much carrier gases during the monitoring process. Concerning these disadvantages, on-line monitoring to the groups of dissolved gases through the gas sensor ordinate is suggested. 7VII. ConclusionDue to quotidian increased load of power system it is important to maintain system Reliability .As transformer plays important role in power system by maintaining reliability it is important that we should keep transformer from daily fault occurring in it just by observing its key parameter so that such fault cannot result in bigger failure also apart from these sharing of data information is also all important(p) using new technology at reduced cost . System to expert systems can be used to achieve all the parameters streak and analysis of automation every system is machine-controlle d in order to face new challenges in the present day situation. Automated systems have less manual operations, so that the flexibility, reliabilities are high and accurate. Hence every field prefers automated control systems. Especially in the field of electronics automated systems are doing better performance. 10VIII. References1 Guiyin Yu, and Lu Zhang, Application of Electrical Transformer Online Monitoring System International Conference on Intelligent Control and Information affect August 13-15, 2010 Dalian, China2 Abdul-Rahman AI-Ali, Abdul Khaliq Muhammad Arshad, GSM-Based Distribution Transformer Monitoring System Dubrovnik, Croatia IEEE MELECON 2004, May 12-15, 20043 Constantin Daniel Oancea, Member, IEEE GSM bag Used for Data Transmission The 7 th international symposium on advanced topicin electrical engineering, Bucarest May 11-14 20114 Fagarasan, Sorina Costina, Sergiu St. ILIESCU3, Monitoring and Diagnosis Methods for High voltage power Transformer U.P.B. Sci. Bull., serial C, Vol. 70, No. 3, 20085 Cbengtsson ABB Transformers AB Ludvh, Sweden,Status and Trends in Transformer MonitoringIEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol.11, No. 3, July 19966 J.C. Burgos , E. Pagan , B. Garcia , Experiences in Managing Transformers through Maintenance operations and Monitoring Systems 21, rue dArtois, F-75008 Paris http//www.cigre.org,May 20047 Lynn Hamrick ESCO Energy Services,Dissolved Gas Analysis for Transformers pass 2009-2010 NETA WORLD8 A. Kingsmill S. Jones Application of new condition Monitoring Technologies in the electricity Transmission Industry, Transgrid University of Australia9 Fredi Jacob Dissolved Gas Analysis, Past Present Future ACTI Inc. Jan 21, 2003.10 Brian D Sparling, Jacques Aubin,Power Transformer life extension through better monitoring11 A round by Vidhata Technologies12Sherif S.M.Ghoneim,Advances in electrical Engineering sy stem , Volume 1 2012, ISSN 2167-63313 Online transformer monitor site preparation guide ,Model T M Series ,August 27 2008

Descartes And Nietzsche Views On Human Nature Philosophy Essay

Descartes And Nietzsche Views On homosexual Nature Philosophy EssayThe French philosopher, Renee Descartes wrote his noteworthy book Meditations on start Philosophy and first published in 1641. The book consists of sextet meditations where Descartes writes all his beliefs, queries and concerns about the uncertain matters and the things that he is sure about. In his meditations, he discussed the military personnel disposition and the homosexual creations in depth ex barrening his belief that saga city and at a lower couchframe argon separate and his famous cogito I think, I hold up. First of all, the gentleman character for Descartes is composed of mind and be and how they are diaphanous from each different(a). In the Sixth mediation Concerning the Existence of Material Things and the significant distinction in the midst of Mind and Body, Descartes menti atomic number 53d that the body and the soul are not a equivalent and called his thesis mind-body dualism. The mind- Body dualism explains that the body and mind can see things disentanglely a secernate from each other because God creates everything distinct and case-by-case from each other. He referred to the mind as I on that pointfore he reached an argument that he is a thinking thing A thing that doubts, understands, affirms, denies, is willing, is unwilling and too imagines and has sensory perceptions (Descartes). Therefore, the mind is a non-extended thing, indivisible clear and different from the body while the body is an extended, divisible and non thinking thing. The nature of a body for Descartes can understand and perceive the shape of other bodies. The essence or the nature of the mind can distinguish between the power of imagination and understating where imagination is the picturing of things and understanding is the perception of things without comprehension. The guerilla view of Descartes was concerning the human creation he referred to the cogito I think, I exist as b eing the essence of the existence of a human being. Therefore, a human being exists and is capable of thinking Descartes affirms that a human being is a substantial union , a unified entity of a body and mind where each one of them is separate and this assumption leads to the human nature and the distinction between body and mind. He also argued that a something exists because there is something already exists and creates it this leads to his arguments about the existence of God as being arrant(a) who creates a human being. We, as human beings, are not distance or perfect beings and we are susceptible of committing errors and mistakes because we dont have the unlimited superpower to recognize the truth.Referring to Friedrich Nietzsche and his book twilight of the Idols, he was against the philosophy of Descartes the mind- body dualism and that the body and mind are separate and also rejected the Christianity doctrines which deny the ideology of a human being. He affirms that th e mind and body are one entity and are one aspect of the nature of human beings. He mentioned that a human being can define himself by having the will to career which leads to the will to power. He described the will to power as being the driving force for achievement and leadership by the human beings in face of the miseries of human nature. The doctrines of Nietzsche regarding the will to power and the will to life negate the doctrines of Christianity therefore, Nietzsche was against Christianity as being an anti-life weak. Christianity teachings promote self-sacrifice, devotion and quietude which denies the values of human being and their driving force will to power. He also mentioned that human beings are having innate human natures and desire. The desires existing within us form and define the state of the human being a reasonable, strong human being can control himself and avoid drawbacks in life and a weak human being is the one who doesnt have self-control and denies these desires or passions. Therefore, Nietzsche concludes that a human have to accommodate with his human nature and passions which eventually leads to the greatest moralities.Based on the two platonic dialogues (Apology and Phaedo), discuss the relationship of the philosopher with the polis. In addition to the political corporation of the City of Athens, Socrates is pointing to another community, what do you think is the entailment of this Socratic gesture?The polis is the city-state of the Hellenic civilization the city states in Greece were small communities and were male-dominated. The citizens of the polis were the elite groups while slaves, peasants, women and resident aliens were not part of the structure of citizens. The citizens involvement in the Polis was directed towards politics, intellectual discussions and art contributions. The Grecian philosophers examined basic questions such as the nature of good and evil, the after-life, wisdom and other issues. The art of politi cs was closely related to the logos or system of logic the polis witnessed the management of language, the excellence of speeches, the discussions of the polis issues. The relation between the philosopher and the polis was an unstable relation referable to the corruption of the Greek polis and the unjust ruling of the elite groups. Plato and Aristotle were the most famous and well-known philosophers at that term and they had a great influence on the Greek polis. As we know Plato was a student of Socrates therefore he was influenced by his teacher to the greatest extent. The affection of Socrates on Plato is clear and plain in Platos dialogues. Plato showed his interest in the polis in his book the republic by discussing the necessary fundamentals of a welfare society the spiritual, mental and fleshly development of one citizen contributes to the overall benefit of one society. In The Republic, Plato discussed many a(prenominal) topics for example justice, ethics, nature of poli tics and statesmanship. He also critiqued the existing placement of the polis, its institutions and its political order. For Plato, the polis is ruled by self-interest rulers (elite groups) who are seeking starve in power and strength, thus the polis is disordered community ruled by self-interest rulers who claim possessing the knowledge but in fact they are beastly, unwise and do not how to rule or govern the citys personal business because they are driven by their desires and appetites for power. Referring to Socrates trial, Plato condemned the rulers of the polis and so called the Athenian democracy upon the remnant of Socrates. Aristotle in his famous book Politics expressed his views concerning the Polis or the Greek community. He classified the government as being monarchy or tyranny, gentry or oligarchy, law abiding or lawless democracy. Aristotle also explained the rife problems in the polis concerning the poverty and slavery he saw that the best perform polis is the city that combines between democracy, legitimacy and just rules. Obviously, the Greek polis at that time was lacking the three components of Aristotles beliefs about a welfare and prosperous polis. past from Plato and Aristotle, the sophists were part of the Greek community they were responsible of teaching the Athenians sons for a free. They were magnificent in rhetoric and speech skills they possessed the art of public speak and the persuasion skills too the least the sophists cared about was the truth. In Platos dialogues, Socrates addressed the manpower of Athens as a corrupt community who are ignorant and do not know how to govern the city justly under fair rules. The community which Socrates is part of was corrupt, condemning him to a terminal metre because of allegations made by Meletus and his followers. Socrates was accused falsely as being a bad teacher who is poising the youths minds and not believing in the god and goddesses of Athens. For Socrates, the Athenian C ommunity was a lawless community controlled by judges who dont deem the law that they sworn to do. He also pointed to another community which evokes inquires and questions of Socrates along the two dialogues it was the community where Socrates can find justice, tranquility and fairness with murdered true judges. He described them in his queries about the after-life Socrates said in his trial that he is not afraid of death. He described death an easy and a blessing thing from God he also was conceived that a good man cannot be harmed in life or death and his good deeds and affairs will save him in the afterlife. He also believed that he will be moved to a peaceful place where he will be re-united with the dead community who has good deeds too in heaven. He was content that he will be in the companion of famous and wise heroes like Orpheus and Musaeus, Hesiod and Homer and will continue practicing his philosophy with them. Finally, I think that the significance of the Socratic gestu re about the dead community is his way of laborious to glorify the concept of death as being a pitying and peaceful thing not a tragedy or appalling as the living community think who lamented on his death reprobate and his separation from the living world. He also tries to picture that the other place in after life is a perfect place where he will be meet honest women and men which is totally opposer to the Greek community as being corrupt and unlawful at that time.

What Is Security Dilemma Politics Essay

What Is Security quandary authorities EssayThere ar a number of trade protection plights before foresighted working in Asia. This earnest conflict is driven by the competitions surrounded by pairs of countries different in their capabilities. Here, Pakistan get winds India as its primary threat, which in go game views mainland china as its principal credential concern. mainland mainland mainland china on the other apply regards the unify States as a challenger to its dominance in Asia and the United States is trying its best to maintain its hegemony and the consequent status quo. The unequal relationships in Asia stupefy the ability to thwart world(prenominal) arms control and nonproliferation efforts.1They also have the deadly potential to fuel a spectacular expansion of ballistic missile and atomic proliferation through with(predicate)out the country.2Scholars gathered at a Russian think tank k instantern as base of World Economy and Inter matter traffic (Imem o), which advises Kremlin, talked about the threat of nuclear war in South Asia being greater than anywhere else in the world today.3What is Security?National security has figured prominently in academic and political discussions of foreign insurance policy and transnational politics since the pole of World War II. Richard Ullman defines threat to national security as an carry out or sequence of reddents that threatens drastically so as to degrade the flavor of life for inhabitants of a express or threatens signifi posteriortly to narrow the array of policy choices of a state. The term security in International dealings has conventionally been defined to mean protection of a state or nation to threats emanating from within as well as outside its boundaries. concord to Walter Lippmann, a nation is secure to the extent to which it is not in risk of having to sacrifice subject matter values, if it wishes to avoid war, and is able, if challenged, to maintain them by such s uccess in such a war.4The security of a nation rises and waterfall with its ability to deter such attacks on its s everywhereeignty and territory. The Western nations and the Euro-centric view of International Relations has largely identified this position with the Realist school of conceptionion that decoctes mainly on acquiring to a greater extent(prenominal) business office in the lawless administration. Scholars from the Realist school of thought have always argued that states be self-interested, power-trying rational actors, who seek to maximize their security and chances of survival. In their view even if there is cooperation amid states it is only to maximize their own security and not for any high-flown reasons.The modern nation-state is the highest form of political place we have so utmost been able to develop and sustain. It evolved into its present form through the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, needed to secure itself from external threats and keep its territo ry intact. The history is tribute to the fact that the states in the outside(a)istic outline are unable to coexist with separately other in harmony and have made each other dubious by their mere existence. Their actions in pursuit of their national security have often final resulted in frequent wars when combined with that of others. thence the concept of security as developed in the early eld of security studies post Second World War took State as a unit of analysis.What is Security Dilemma?The states in the international system through their actions try to enhance their security as much as possible. There interactions are primarily responses to what is known as Security Dilemma in the literature on International Relations. It is also known as the Spiral Model. John Herz was the first to coin the term security plight in his 1951 book Political Realism and Political Idealism. According to him the states are driven to acquire more and more power in order to escape the impac t of the power of others. This, in turn, renders the others more insecure and compels them to make grow for the worst.5In contrast to other classical realists of the clock time who focused on human character as the main difficulty, he based his concept on the anarchic structure of the international system. The security plight is the core assumption of Defensive Realism, which believes that due to the anarchic structure of the international system, states focus mainly on their survival through any means do them obsessed with security.6In International Relations, Defensive Realism is a pas seul of Structural Realism with famous international relations scholar Kenneth dance propagating this notion. Waltz argues that the security dilemma is escapable because the weaker states get out try to balance a peest their rivals and bandwagon with the stronger state in order to gain security in event on an attack by the enemy state. In contrast to this Offensive Realism, other variant of Structural Realism believes that states want to accumulate more power rather than just secure themselves. It points out that if states are able to gain an advantage or an edge, they forget readily do so. John Mearsheimer, the strongest counselor of Offensive Realism argues that no state piece of tail be reliable of other states intentions, which can change over a course of time and use its offensive capabilities.7He is in agreement with Hans Morgenthau, one of the early proponents of Realism in International Politics, that there is not limit of states en put for power. For Mearsheimer the security dilemma is inescapable, as the anarchic nature of the international system will force states to maximize power and enhance their security because they cannot trust each other. Neorealists and Constructivist schools of thought have also used security dilemma as a concept. Neoliberal scholars argue that one of the functions of international institutions is to compose security dilemma. 8Whereas Constructivists assert that alleviating the security dilemma is one of the channels through which reshaping identity can remake anarchy.9Robert Jervis explains this concept as the notion that increase a states security causes other states to increase their own security, which in turn decreases the security of the first.10The system thus coerces the states into taking certain losses to encourage in order to bring stability and relative security. Yet the constituent(a) desire remains to dominate the political arena through cheating, bargain and collaborating to hinder cooperation. A security dilemma arises out of the anarchic nature of the International System. Each state has to take responsibility for its own security in the system of self-help for its own survival. Without any government at the international level, the states are left wing to fend for themselves. This leads to states taking every possible stair to fan out their capabilities in every sphere, be it econ omy or military, to wield itself when the time comes. The states in order to secure themselves forget about the security apprehension of the neighboring states and compel them to take counter-measures to enhance their security. They begin to manipulate for the worst, and this common search for security leaves them more insecure then they were before. A case in example talked about in our class on National Security would be India acquiring nuclear capabilities, which put extort on Pakistan to get nuclear weapons. The process, which started in 1960s, and 70s has left India more insecure now then ever before as Pakistan has refused to agree with a no first-use policy on nuclear weapons like India. It purportedly has more nuclear warheads than India according to the estimates of many reputed think tanks internationally.Jervis identifies a number of the factors associated with security dilemma that impede states ability to work cooperatively towards a in return desired goal of genera l security. He mentions intentions, capabilities, creation of buffer states, indications of vulturous intents and incorrect perception of weapons acquired for defensive purposes.The Security Dilemma in Sino-Indian RelationsThe scholars of International Relations agree that there would be a geo-political charge up from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean. And it can be forcefully argued that China and India will dominate the events of the region as rising powers in the international system. Considering the past shared by these two countries later on coming to their own, the chances of a classic case of great power competition are numerous. It can be better understood by studying the first Sino-Indian limit conflict and the series of skirmishes in the midst of them in 1962. The war was a result of tensions that arose during the 1959 Tibetan uprising and the subsequent asylum given to the Dalai Lama after the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) took control of the territory. India on its part can also be blamed for adopting a Forward Policy intend to demonstrate its control of the disputed areas. Fifty years have now been passed since the Sino-Indian conflict and the perceptions in both the countries about each other liquid remain highly suspicious. There has been constant tussle over miscellaneous issues between these two countries ranging from Chinas security ties with countries in the South Asian-Indian Ocean region to Indias growing interest in the South China Sea and areas China considers as its sphere of influence. India with its Look East policy has been seek for deeper engagements with the countries foregoing known as Indochina. China on the other hand has long beared Pakistan, Indias archrival, with its nuclear program and infrastructure development. These two countries have left no stone unturned to rattle each other over their actions, which are skeptically viewed and enlarged by hostile media on both sides. It has become one of the most significant factors for the deep-rooted suspicion between the two Asian giants.In this classic Great Power rivalry, China is trying hard to win by keeping New Delhi in use(p) within the South Asian region. China considers itself as a global power while wants to keep India as only a regional power limited to South Asia. Indias recent ascent in the international scenario with its billion-plus population and growing economy has raised eyebrows in China. The strategy China has applied is to keep aiding Pakistan in its relations with India, which will keep it in use(p) in the South Asian region and China can expand in the Indo-Pacific till then. While China has slowly inched towards equidistance between India and Pakistan, it continues to have a pronounced tilt towards Pakistan, which casts an inevitable shadow over the Sino- Indian relationship. Chinas other major patron-client relationship in the region is with Myanmar. This is less heavy from Indias standpoint, since Chinas intere st in the relationship is not India- centric, and India for its part is consciously seeking to upgrade its own ties with Myanmar with some limited success.The notion of security dilemma throws substantial light on the complex relationship between China and India since the past six decades.ConclusionAs the two powers become more economically interlinked war becomes a secondary or a move resort option for them. The decision-makers in both New Delhi and Beijing are conscious of this fact. A key question that remains is whether India and China will remain satisfied with relatively small strategic forces or whether they will seek to develop large, operationally deployed forces.11India and China are expected to shape up spread their Spheres of Influence in the Indo-Pacific region with the US willing to support New Delhi as part of its own forward policy in the region. India has to tackle one of the major problems faced in democratic countries that being more reactive than pro-active ham pers the policymaking.12The reason behind this is that the political class in India is not much familiar to international relations and foreign policy receives very little emphasis in the course of day-to-day politics. though Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh is not a classic professional politician, and could even be considered more of a statesman, the tendency to look inward has prevented a more active engagement with the outside world.

The Merchant of Venice Essay example -- Merchant of Venice Essays

William Shakespe bes The Merchant of Venice is one of his most controversial plays for a figure of reasons. Written in sixteenth-century England, where anti-Semitism was common and the presence of Jews was not, the play poses some questions concerning racial, religious and human difference. The play is especially tricky to examine in todays society, as its anti-semitic themes and language can be uncomfortable to face in a world post-Holocaust. Additionally, the depiction of the descent between Jews and Christians, which has always been an ambivalent one, adds a very interesting albeit tight dimension to this play. Ultimately, through dramatic plot and distinctive characters, The Merchant of Venice explores what it kernel to be Jewish and what it means to be Christian. A closer analytic thinking of these opposing groups unearths inconsistencies between what the characters preach versus what they practice, as well as their involved notions of justice, mercy and love.Though he c learly fulfills the role of the villain and important antagonist in this play, the character of Shylock is extremely complex and multi-dimensional. He seems to have two sides that can be emphasized or compete up in order to create a fundamentally contrary play, as has been done many times throughout history post-Holocaust reproductions, for example, are obviously radically unlike than ones that may have come in front (Rich 1). In most modern adaptations, Shylock is seen as a clement character, perhaps due in part to the widespread acceptance in most modern societies of those from varying religious and racial backgrounds. However, it is entirely contingent that Shakespeare, who was a genius playwright famous for his complex and multi-faceted characters, del... ... actually considered this a happy ending for the Shylock character (4) by converting he is saved from the possibility that misfortune may cross / a faithless Jew (2.4.35-37).This paper however scratched the surface of the religious and moral complexity that is The Merchant of Venice, but it is clearly a complicated play and for many reasons the racially charged tension, the anti-Semitic language and the morally ambiguous characters. What makes this play so exciting is that it provides incomplete answers nor apologies, provoking the ongoing disagreement as to what is really happening in this play. Shakespeares multi-layered characters and complicated representations of mercy, justice, love, religion and difference produce a noteworthy piece of work that has kept people talking and guessing for centuries, and is authoritative to continue to for centuries to come.

Title IX: A long-term debate Essay -- Journalism Journalistic Essays

claim IX A long-term line of reasoningEvery year incoming college freshman go to their new college or university expecting to find their favorite sport, but fewtimes collectable to lack of confederacy the sport is not there. In some case, the federal law designation IX is to blame as in the case of Zalikah Lewis, a sophomore at Pine Manor College, an all womens College in Chestnut Hill. Although she wouldnt nub the swim team, she does enjoy the sport and was surprised that the sport wasnt offered while the instruct had most other popular sports.Thirty-one years ago, with the rise in revenue and attendance at collegiate sports, the federal g all overnment employ a title IX program that would established opportunities for men and women in colleges for their programs and academics. A major emphasis on the program has gone to schools gymnastic programs, to share the funds and sporting teams equally. There is a debate over whether the teams are really split fairly or are some of the more successful male teams get prominence over womens teams.I think womens sports are getting better, said Charmaine Steele, a junior womens basketball game player at Quinnipiac University in Hamden, Connecticut. Some sports are better to moderate on the womens side than the mens side. The sports world is slowly moving international from the men. Yes its still a mans world but not for long, she added.In sportswoman there are more males than females therefore, it shouldnt mean that men should limit their numbers racket considering that the population of males is a lot higher than that of females, said Lewis. Title IX states that No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subj... ...h earned 66,943 and a womens motorbus earned 63,000. The differences in salaries have also been a topic of reciprocation when it comes to Title IX. Although it is still a controversial law in the U.S. Title IX does not callm as it will be departure a means anytime soon. Colleges and universities have both benefited and been at a loss due to Title IX. The program was set up to open opportunities for all and its confessedly results may not be seen for years. Each person that Title IX affects will have a different reaction to it. Some raft will see the true(p) it causes but many will see it as a program killer. Until a full proof way of gender equality is found, every year that Title IX is in effect controversy will follow it. I think that Title IX is a good thing as it creates equality. Anything that creates opportunities for women and minorities is a good thing, said DeFilippo.

My Home Schooling Experience Essay -- Personal Narrative Essay Example

Id like to take this opportunity to fat on my home education. I legitimateize that there are many another(prenominal) different interpretations of the term home school and I feel stimulate to explain my personal methods and philosophy. As copies of my curricula will be included in the Secondary School Report, I will not go into distributor point concerning the specific nature of my studies, but rather I will cover my home schooling experience. I left traditional schooling at age nine, until which point I had attended the local public schools. Although I did well in the school system, I was often bored and complained that I was unch in allenged. My parents had researched into home schooling and after a family discussion we decided to deform it following the winter vacation of fourth grade. Our approach was very unified when we first began and has gradually evolved to the natural style we live by now. passim my high school years I pitch taken the absolute majority of the r esponsibility for my education. Each August my mother and I plan a curriculum together, which is a combination of what I want to study and what she feels I ought to know. I study Latin using a text with sequent audio tapes and a reader with passages to be translated into English. I complete a detailed research project on a subject of rice beer in the social informations -- Australian aborigines, for example, or the Vietnam war. My mother forms a exercise list with approximately eight works of literature which I must read and discuss. During the year I add many of my own selections, including science fiction, plays, non-fiction, and often novels which my friends recommend. My parents are always available for help, yet they do not act as teachers and do not constantly monitor ... ...with. This is true. piece of music others my age have been caught up on homework assignments and grades in eagerness for the real world, I have been living and hireing in the real world every day. My friends are of many ages, have many accents and professions, and do not eat the same type of food. They do not all live in my town or all gather in one building. Home education afforded me the time and opportunity to interact and learn in a variety of settings, and certainly my social life has been enriched by my experiences at the high school. I have had to use the resources in my purlieu to facilitate my own education, and Sarah Lawrence College seems the ideal place to continue that lifestyle. I have chosen to attend college in order to continue living and acquisition in the real world. I am looking forward to the college experience, and I am confiden

Examples of How Set Can Communicate the Dances Ideal Concept :: Dance Drama Still Life at the Penguin Cafe Essays

Examples of How Set Can Communicate the Dances Ideal fancyWhen a dance piece is created, it is not just the choreography of the apparent motion that needs to be considered. To make a successful piece, firstlya starting point needs to be found, this can be anything ranging froman emotion, an animal, or even someones journey to work or school.When this has been decided upon, there argon five main areas that needto be concentrated on. These are costume, music, set, luminosity andchoreography. These different fields of the dance cannot be consideredseparate, nor is there a cast of importance all five areas need to becreated together. They compliment all(prenominal) other, and grow together toform the piece. In this essay I am going to focus on the importance ofjust one of these factors, the set. apply examples from professionaldance works I am going to address how the set successfullycommunicates the dances ideal concept.The first dance work I am going to use as an example, is f rom StillLife at the Penguin Caf choreographed by David Bintley and designedby Hayden Griffin. I have chosen to talk about the set in the first sceneof the performance, The salient Auk. There are two sections to thisscene, the first section being a representation of the Great Aukshabitat, the second being a busy caf, run by penguins as waiters andsophisticated women as customers. The set for the first section issimple plainly hard-hitting. The stage has a black backdrop, covering thewhole stage wall, and a smaller screen on wheels centre stage. Thisscreen is roughly 7ft big and a vertical rectangle. On it an icylandscape is painted. It shows ice and sea, using white and icy bluecolours. It shows an image of the penguins habitat. It lets theaudience know a bit about the penguins background and what it has todeal with in life. This is very effective as it communicates themeaning of the piece, showing that life for this creature is hard.This piece of se is also very useful within the piece, as the dancersuse it as an added entrance. They hide behind the screen and appear atthe sides, this give added provoke to the piece, and it is alsopractical as it is on wheels, therefore easy to move on and off thestage. The rest of the stage is left empty for this section, providing home for the dance. For the second part of this scene, the icescapeis moved off stage and the backdrop is lift to reveal a caf.

Othello :: essays research papers fc

Emotional Destruction          The tragedy Othello, was written in a time of great racial tensions inEngland. According to Eldred J matchlesss, in 1600 just three years before Othellowas written, Queen Elizabeth proclaimed an suppose for the transportation of all"negars and blackmoores" out of the country . It is in this manner thatShakespe are began the masterpiece of Othello, a drama about a noble blackArab general, Othello, who locomote in love with and marries, Desdemona, ayoung white daughter of a senator. In the tragedy not only is Othello tractable to weaknesses but so is every major character . The tragedyreminds humans that even ones good nature raise be taken emolument of forthe worse. In Shakespeares Othello, characters are strongly affected by their authoritative emotions of love, jealousy, and hate which ultimately lead to chaosand tragedy in the end.           only the relations hips in the play demonstrate the picture involvedwith love. Each of the relationships in Othello portrays insecurities in to each oneperson, except Iago. In fact, all of the relationships with one character, Iago,are focused around him and his devilish plot for the demise of Othello.However, most of the relationships in Othello bring about unintentionalfrustrations and vulnerabilities. The marriages in Othello are the most strategic relationships involving vulnerability because they bring out the besthopes and attitudes, and the worst fears and emotions in each character.Shakespeare, in designing Othellos marriage to Desdemona, shows thatalthough one can rattling love a person, the need for human control can repealany relationship causing heartbreak.           From the very beginning, Othello faces a dilemma of vulnerabilitybecause of his marriage. In his essay, Eldred Jones has concluded with this bystating that Othello made himself avail able to public reflection and assaults onhis character by marrying a young white girl.           Furthermore, the orthodontic bracess constant struggle over power and controlmakes them susceptible to destruction of their happiness. Othello seekscomplete control over his wife, Desdemona     O curse of marriage.      That we can call these delicate creatures ours,     And not their appetites I had rather be a toad      And live upon the vapour of a dungeon.     Then keep a corner in the thing I love(61).Othello is clearly cover that he sees Desdemonas love, faithfulness andsubmissions as criteria for his manhood. His feelings demonstrate howvulnerable raft can become in putting their self-value in another person.Shakespeare, in developing the power struggle of Othellos marriage, remindsthe audience that to control a person fully only brings ab out turmoil. Love isthe most herculean emotion and ironically the emotion that leads to the most

Free College Essays - Identity in Their Eyes Were Watching God :: Their Eyes Were Watching God Essays

Identity in Their Eyes Were Watching God In life everyone tries to find his true identity operator. For some it comes naturally. For others, it might take years to find, or it might never be found at all. In the novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, Zora Neale Hurston reveals a womans identity through her struggles in life, her treatment by society, and her minds on life. Janie is a teenage African American girl who grew up in a albumen life style. She believed she was related to the white man until she was around six. This impact changed Janies view on life. While she thought she was able to do things, the touch of her skin held her back. This made her try harder to accomplish her goals. When her grandmother insisted that she marry Logan, she did non want to. tear down so, Janie married him to fulfill her grandmothers dreams. Even though Janie did non love him, she struggled until she could not stand it, and finally ran external with Joe. It had always been his wish and de sire to be a big share and he had to live nearly thirty years to find a chance. (28) ***HOW DOES THIS QUOTE RELATE?*** While Janie was with Joe in Eaton Vile, she had a higher emplacement then the rest of the towns people. Janie tried to interact with them, but Joe would not let her. He thought of Janie as being die than all of them. This led to the way she was treated in society. All of the women in the town thought Janie had everything, but Janie did not. She wanted to be accepted as part of them. When Joe died, people in the town expected Janie to be mournful, so she put on an act for them. She sent her face to Joes funeral, and herself went play with the springtime across the world. (88) After Joes death Janie continued to exsert the store. While working, she met tea leaf Cake, who showed her how to play checkers. Somebody wanted her to play. Somebody thought it natural for her to play. (96) This illustrates how he treated her as equal. Compared to the other two husbands in Janies life, teatime Cake was very progressive and open minded. Tea Cake taught her so much that she started to feel more independent. After Tea Cakes death, Janie grieved on the inside so much that she did not care what people thought of her.

Wartime Propaganda: World War I :: World War I History

Wartime Propaganda World War IThe Drift To contendds War Lead this passel into warfare, and theyll forget there was of all time such a thing as tolerance. To fight, you must be venomous and ruthless, and the spirit of ruthless brutality will enter into the very role of national life, infecting the Congress, the courts, the policeman on the beat, the man in the street. It is integrity of historys massive ironies that Woodrow Wilson, who was re- elected as a peace candidate in 1916, conduct America into the first world war. With the help of a propaganda apparatus that was infrequent in world history, Wilson forged a nation of immigrants into a battle whole. An examination of public opinion before the war, propaganda efforts during the war, and the endurance of propaganda in peacetime raises hearty questions ab out(p) the viability of democracy as a governing principle. Like an undertow, Americas social movement toward war was subtle and forceful. According to the outspoken p acifist Randolph Bourne, war conceit spread gradually among various intellectual groups. With the aid of Roosevelt, wrote Bourne, the murmurs became a savourless chant, and finally a chorus so mighty that to be out of it was at first to be disreputable, and finally almost obscene. Once the war was underway, dissent was practically impossible. If you believed our going into this war was a mistake, wrote The Nation in a post-war editorial, if you held, as President Wilson did early in 1917, that the ideal solution would be peace without victory, you were a traitor. Forced to stand quietly on the sidelines duration their neighbors stampeded towards war, many pacifists would have agreed with Bertrand Russell that the greatest difficulty was the purely mental one of resisting mass suggestion, of which the force becomes terrific when the whole nation is in a state of violent collective excitement. This frenzied support for the war was particularly remarkable in light of the fact that Wilsons re-election had been widely see as a vote for peace. After all, in January of 1916, Wilson stated that so far as I can remember, this is a government of the people, and this people is not going to choose war. In retrospect, it is apparent that the vote for Wilson mantled profound cleavages in public opinion. At the time of his inauguration, immigrants constituted one third of the population. Allied and German propaganda revived old-world loyalties among hyphenated European- Americans, and opinions about US intervention were sharply polarized.

Varieties of Capitalism Essay -- Economics

Introduction out-of-pocket to the rapid process of globalization, the issue of whether socio-economic institutions and policies are converging or diverge across different nations has become controversial. Various literatures on comparative institutional studies has been developed, in which the Varieties of capitalism approach by Hall and Soskice (2001) is one of the most(prenominal) significant concepts that is being widely discussed. According to Hall and Thelen (2005), the varieties of capitalist economy is a firm-centered approach where firm is placed as a key participant and is being administered relational. It emphasizes the concept of institutional complementarities, which one set of institutions is complementary to another(prenominal) when its presence raises the returns available from the other (Hall and Gingerich, 2004, p.6). Also, the development of dealingships between firms and other tailfin domains industrial relations, vocational training and education, corporat e governance, inter-firm relations as salutary as employees, is essential to ensure coordination to maintain competencies (Hall and Soskice, 2001). According to Knell and Srholec (2005), the varieties of capitalism literature has mainly distinguished and identified two types of coordination - Liberal commercialise Economies (LMEs) and Coordinated Market Economies (CMEs), in which competitive markets are dominant in LMES while CMEs are mainly based on strategic interaction. utilize the UK as an example of LME and Germany as an example of CME, this essay will consider the varieties of capitalism (VoC) implications for financial structures as well as labour relations of the respective economies. The definition of institutional complementarities will be outlined in the first paragraph, while the implications w... ...s Coordinated and Uncoordinated Market Economies in the mid-eighties and 1990s In Kitschelt H, Lange P, Marks G, and Stephens J (eds) Continuity and Change in Contempor ary Capitalism New York, Cambridge University Press Sternberg, R. and Kiese, M. and Stockinger, D. (2008) Cluster policies in the US and Germany varieties of capitalism perspective on two high-tech states Environment and be after C Government and Policy 2010, 28, pp.1063-1082Streeck, W. (1992) Social Institutions and Economic Performance, Beverly Hills, Sage issuanceThelen, K. (2001) Varieties of Labour Politics in the Developed Democracies, in Hall, Peter A. Soskice, David (eds.) Varieties of Capitalism the Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage, pp. 71103. New York Oxford University PressWitt, M. A. (2010) China What transition of Capitalism? working paper, INSEAD

The True Meaning of Halloween Essay -- History of Halloween

The True Meaning of Halloween Halloween is a spend which has been around for a potful longer than many may think. nevertheless the traditions which seem so modern and economically rooted are well-nigh as old as the tradition of Halloween itself. There is a lot of confusion as to when the tradition of Halloween began. Many think that Halloween began with the Celts. The Celts celebrated Samhain which was a holiday that symbolized the end of the date of the light and the beginning of the time of the dark. During the time of the dark it was said that the wall between the spirit world and that of the alert was weakened and spirits were able to obtain access to the living more than easily. Hence this could be one of the reasons children today think of Halloween as a scary holiday, they un make outingly are going along with ancient traditions. on with the tradition of Samhain other traditions fused into that one to form the Holiday we know today. According to one web site their research shows that, After the Romans conquered the Celtic world, they merged Samhain with their give fiestas, a ingathering fest called Poloma, and a celebration for the dead called Feralia.(A Traditional Halloween) though the celebration itself has been explained, the acts in which children celebrate it have not. Some believe that Druids, who peril dire consequences to residence who didnt respond generously to their demands for free goods or money.(A Traditional Halloween) Yet another clue where the tradition of trick or treating may come from is that author Joan lee(prenominal) Faust has pointed out that The Roman harvest festival honoring Pomona, the goddess of fruits, was held about the same time of year. Historians suggest this festival also infl... ...ty rules and try to be as careful as viable Halloween can stay an enjoyable holiday for all. So centuries later afterwards the Celts and Romans and early Christians the tradition of Halloween still li ves on. Though one is unsure who to specifically thank for this exciting day, everyone at one point in their flavour or another has celebrated this holiday and really has enjoyed the day with family and friends.Sources CitedFaust, Joan Lee Around the Garden New York Times 31 Oct. 1965Mealia, Bernie personal question 8 Dec. 2003Sanders, Dan Halloween Traditions Change from Childhood to Adulthood The Keystone 8 Dec. 2003 http//www.keystoneonline.com/story.asp?Art_id=779A Traditional Halloween www.a-traditional-halloween.com 8 Dec. 2003Wilson, Jerry History and Customs of Halloween http//wilstar.net/holidays/halloween.htm 8 Dec. 2003

Iacocca :: Essays Papers

IacoccaThe book Iacocca is an autobiography of Mr. Lee Iacocca. The first span of sections of his book were slightly family. Starting with his mother and spawn, coming over from Italy and his childhood. His father always taught him something that when he was going to do something that he had to be the best. Which is to be believed, where he got his strength in competition later in his traffic race. Then after his parents came his wife and children, whom he loved. The next few sections were about his job and how it was changed through out the years. Even when his job was still with the identical company his position is that company changed some times in his career before he even traded companies.Mr. Iacocca had a very loving and intellect family as told in this book. His parents were always a major part in his life even after he got married and they were a medium-large part of his life up until their deaths. His father was always interested in cars and so in a way M r. Iacocca grew up around cars and the intimacy of them. His father taught him many valuable lessons about how to deal with himself and others which too may shed helped him in his future career in the business world. When he married, his parents were proud but in a small way they were pushed to the emplacement to make room for his new wife, Mary. afterward Mary and He were married they had some children. These children became his pride and joy. When this family grew, they all grew together in turn and they also grew closer together. This family was extremely close. Even though the family was close, his job did seem to have a slight impact on them. When Mr. Iacocca first started working for Ford, he was a low ranking engineer, fresh out of college like many of his co-workers. He tried the engineering job for a few months until he decided that he didnt want to work in that surgical incision but he wanted to work in the sales department. After this major change in his life, he took control and went to his boss and tell there is no point in me finishing the training melodic phrase and that my masters degree from Princeton was equivalent to the second nine-months of training.

Analysis of Fifteen to Eighteen from Marilyn Hacker’s Selected Poems :: Hacker Selected Poems 1965-1990

Analysis of fifteen to Eighteen from Marilyn Hackers Selected PoemsIn the poem Fifteen to Eighteen, Marilyn Hacker uses the unmanageable years of adolescence to analyze the effects an illness can have on the relationship and family roles for both p bent and child. Diabetes puts the bugger off and little daughter in enemy roles than are traditionally seen at this age. The illness which occurs at least oer the last four years of this girls childhood forces her to grow up prematurely, get into on some of the mother roles, and suffer the sacrifices that accompany it. Jessie Potter in Judith Viorsts book My Mother My Self discusses the impact that motherhood has on sex activity of the mother. The mother may have been an interesting sexual partner until her child was born, notwithstanding now she is too tired, too busy, she says the children coin up too much of her attention. Its all culturally induced, but the result is that the mother goes underground sexually until the kids ar e grown.(59) Just as the role of motherhood often leads to giving up sexuality for a period of time, this daughter more immediately gives up masturbating to deal with her child of the hour. As the mother becomes the one who needs to be bring offd for, the daughter is forced, just as mothers usually are to give up their private needs and desires when they become mothers. These sacrifices are not healthy for the mothers, nor is it healthy for this teenager to be in this position of responsibility at such an earlyish age. The poem leaves the reader wondering what will happen after the girl is eighteen, who will care for the mother? When the daughter leaves home, she will most seeming feel guilty for leaving her mother who can not care for herself. This guilt is similar too to that which so often accompanies parenting. The physical fleck and swearing in the poem are present as a way of showing how this girl is being forced from her childhood and thrown and twisted into adulthood a nd motherhood. I was in shock again. I swam/to my surface to take care of my mother.(144) The liquid which is spilled during the evening is symbolic of the death of the daughters adolescence, which reoccurs during each episode. more often, enough orange juice got down,/splashed on us both(144) And just as the daughter is totally in the role of caretaker, the mother snaps back and is once again in role of mother care for her daughter, concerned about the scratches on her daughters face.

Global Poisoning System Essay -- Technology

Abstract This paper focuses on modeling the errors which unremarkably degrade the verity of Global Poisoning System (GPS). The performance of the GPS is generally affected by ionospheric errors. SiRF Star III single frequency pass catcher is used for collecting and projecting datum in World geodesic System 1984 (WGS-84) co-ordinate form. To project the ellipsoidal model onto a constitute model, datum conversion from WGS-84 to Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) form is needed. The conversion introduces errors in the datum. The variation in the errors can be observed from day to night, force field to area and also due to the seasonal changes. The datum is collected from Ameerpet portion of Hyderabad, which is a heavily populated area with heavy traffic and large buildings. The variation in the datum has been observed from afternoon to evening. Keywords GPS, WGS-84, UTM, Ionospheric errors, Northings and Eastings I.INTRODUCTIONThe space-based worldwide navigation satellite system that provides reliable location and time knowledge in all weather and at all times and anywhere on or near the Earth with sub-meter accuracy is called Global set System (GPS) 1. It consists of a constellation of 28 satellites in six various orbits which give the information of the position of the user with sub meter accuracy 3. If there are four or more GPS satellites in clear line of sight with the receiver, accurate spatial co-ordinates can be obtained 2. The datum obtained from the satellites, contain the information about the position and timing by reason the the Keplerian orbit elements. The location information from GPS is based on the choice of order system and datum 3. The coordinate systems that are mostly used in GPS are Wor... ...ned due to the rounding up of the values in the algorithm. kit and boodle Cited1 Bradford w. Parkinson. Global Positioning System Theory and Applications vol. I and II, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Washing ton, 1996.2 http//edu-observatory.org/gps/gps_accuracy.html, visited on 1/12/10.3 http//www. elsevierdirect.com/companions/ 9780126836301/ appendices/ Chapter_2_ECI_ Cartesian_Coordinates_to_Kepler_Orbit_Elements_Conversion.pdf 4 http//www.squidoo.com/GPS-coordinate-systems-datums 5 Iyiade Adeniyi, Ionospheric Error in GPS Applications (www.ursi.org/proceedings /procGA05/pdf/GP1. 46(01062).pdf), visited on 30/10/10. 6 Ordnance Survey, A go to Coordinate System in Great Britain, (http//www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/gps/docs/A_Guide_to_Coordinate_Systems_in_Great_Britain.pdf), visited on05/01/11.

Temptation and Survival in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Essay exampl

Temptation and Survival in Sir Gawain and the grand Knight In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Gawain faces choices as part of the Green Knights game. The game is not the simple exchange of axe blows as it appears to be. It is very a game of temptation and rule-breaking. In the end, Gawain fails this test given by the Green Knight and mightiness Arthurs half-sister.When the Green Knight arrogantly rode into King Arthurs domain, he showed no respect for the celebrated knights. He rudely laughed aside the praise he had heard of King Arthur as the praise of you, prince, is puff up so high (Norton Anthology 1465). He also ridiculed the knights as they hesitated to accede his challenge. Gawain eventually accepted the challenge, but didnt fully understand what the test would actually be. In what was probably a rage of protecting King Arthurs honor, Sir Gawain cut off the Green Knights head and began the game. King Arthurs soldier didnt understand that this would be a game of rule fo llowing instead of a get even determining warrior skills.The Green Knight is a charac...

Operation Iraqi Freedom Essay -- International Politics

OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM entrance sortOn March 20, 2003, the combined military forces of the United States and Britain crossed the gray border of Iraq and Kuwait with the intent of capitulating the government of Saddam Hussein. Over the incline of 21 days, the joint task force moved quickly and decisively to seize major objective cities along the road to Baghdad use aviation, armor, artillery, and infantry. Following the overwhelming success of the primary combat operations of the invasion, constancy and support systems proved insufficient as sectarian violence and former(a) criminal activity among the local population of Iraq increased.HistoryIn past times, Iraq was known by the Greek term Mesopotamia, or the land amidst two rivers. These two rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates, formed what was known as the Fertile Crescent. The large stretch of low level land retained rain and flood water, making the soil exceptional for farming, thus it is said to be the birthplace of civiliz ation. It was home to the Sumerian Empire, beginning around 4000BC, long before Egypt, Greece, or Rome were known to have sophisticated societies. Agriculture, mathematics, literature, and the earliest forms of government were altogether established in this region. (1) Conflict has also been a significant erupt of Iraqi history since the Akkadian wars of 2340 BC. The rise of the Babylonian dynasty in 1700 BC gave way to the Assyrian dynasty in 1340 BC. The Assyrians were eventually overthrown in the seventh century BC by the Persian Empire of Alexander the Great. (2) The Arabs conquered the region in the early intricacy of Islam in the eighth century AD, followed by the Mongol invasion in 1258. The last of the great dynasties to rule th... ...raq.References1. Arabic-Media.com (Arabic Media) Site 1997-2011, http//arabic-media.com/iraq_history.htm 2. CRS Report for Congress, 17 February, 1998, http//www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/crs/98-129.pdf3. UN security measures Council Reso lution 687, 8 April 1991, http//www.casi.org.uk/info/undocs/gopher/s91/44. UN Security Council Resolution 1441, S/RES/1441, 8 November 2002, PP 3, http//www.un.org/Depts/unmovic/documents/1441.pdf 5. Gordon, Micheal, R., Cobra II The wrong yarn of the Invasion and Occupation of Iraq, Pantheon Books, New York, 20066. Keegan, John, The Iraq War, Alfred A. Knopf, 20047. Purdum, Todd, S., and the staff of the New York clock times, A Time of Our Choosing Americas War in Iraq, Times Books, 20038.Trainor, Bernard, E., Cobra II The Inside Story of the Invasion and Occupation of Iraq, Pantheon Books, New York, 2006